江晓珩, 林宣龙, 王瑞, 等. 新疆昆仑山国家公园潜力区鸟类群落结构[J]. 自然保护地,2024,4(0):1−17. DOI: 10.12335/2096-8981.2024032002
引用本文: 江晓珩, 林宣龙, 王瑞, 等. 新疆昆仑山国家公园潜力区鸟类群落结构[J]. 自然保护地,2024,4(0):1−17. DOI: 10.12335/2096-8981.2024032002
JIANG X H, LIN X L, WANG R, et al. Structure of bird communities in the potential area of Kunlun Mountains National Park, Xinjiang, China[J]. Natural Protected Areas, 2024, 4(0): 1−17. DOI: 10.12335/2096-8981.2024032002
Citation: JIANG X H, LIN X L, WANG R, et al. Structure of bird communities in the potential area of Kunlun Mountains National Park, Xinjiang, China[J]. Natural Protected Areas, 2024, 4(0): 1−17. DOI: 10.12335/2096-8981.2024032002

新疆昆仑山国家公园潜力区鸟类群落结构

Structure of bird communities in the potential area of Kunlun Mountains National Park, Xinjiang, China

  • 摘要:
    目的 了解新疆昆仑山国家公园潜力区鸟类资源组成及群落多样性,为国家公园建设提供基础数据。
    方法 采用样线法对昆仑山国家公园潜力区进行调查,调查路线尽可能覆盖不同海拔高度、不同生境类型区域,同时结合以往历史资料,形成鸟类物种数据库。
    结果 该地区共记录到鸟类193种,隶属于19目43科。其中,国家一级重点保护鸟类9种,国家二级重点保护鸟类26种,新疆维吾尔自治区二级保护鸟类3种;区系组成中以古北型(60种)、全北型(28种)、高地型(25种)、中亚型(20种)为主,居留型组成以旅鸟(78种)为主。鸟类多样性分析表明, Shannon-Wiener指数为3.79,Simpson指数为0.87,Pielou均匀度指数为0.60,其中,草本沼泽生境Shannon-Wiener指数(3.41)和Simpson指数(0.85)最高,而河流湿地鸟类群落Pielou均匀度指数相对最大(0.83)。
    结论 昆仑山国家公园潜力区广布高原湖泊和荒漠,生态环境条件独特,珍稀濒危鸟类物种数量众多,具有重要的保护价值。本次调查新增了27种鸟类,如斑翅山鹑(Perdix dauurica)、白眉鸭(Spatula querquedula)和中杓鹬(Numenius phaeopus),凸显了该区域鸟类多样性的丰富性及其在生物多样性保护中的重要性。昆仑山国家公园潜力区在增加保护鸟类数量和提高鸟类多样性方面取得了显著成功。通过有效的科学管理和保护措施,将进一步改善生态保护,支持生物多样性和可持续发展。国家公园的建立将保护重要栖息地,促进生态旅游,实现生态保护与经济增长的平衡。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives To understand the composition and community diversity of bird resources in the potential area of Kunlun Mountain National Park, Xinjiang, and to provide essential baseline data for its establishment.
    Methods The line transect method was employed. The survey routes were designed to encompass a comprehensive range of altitudes and habitat types comprehensively. Furthermore, historical data were incorporated to create a comprehensive database of bird species.
    Results A total of 193 bird species, belonging to 19 orders and 43 families, were documented in the area. Among these, 9 species were listed as national first-class protected birds, 26 as national second-class protected birds, and 3 as second-class protected birds in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. The faunal composition primarily consisted of Palearctic (60 species), Holarctic (28 species), Highland (25 species), and Central Asian (20 species) types, with migratory birds (78 species) being the predominant residency type. Bird diversity analysis indicated a Shannon-Wiener index of 3.79, a Simpson index of 0.87, and a Pielou evenness index of 0.60. The herbaceous marsh habitat exhibited the highest Shannon-Wiener index (3.41) and Simpson index (0.85), while the riverine wetland bird community had the highest Pielou evenness index (0.83).
    Conclusions The potential area of Kunlun Mountain National Park was distinguished by extensive plateau lakes and deserts, unique ecological conditions, and a considerable number of rare and endangered bird species, highlighting its high conservation value. This survey yielded 27 new bird species, including the Daurian Partridge (Perdix dauurica), Garganey (Spatula querquedula), and Eurasian Whimbrel (Numenius phaeopus), which served to underscore the region's rich avian diversity and its critical role in biodiversity conservation. The Kunlun Mountain National Park potential area has achieved significant progress in increasing the number of protected bird species and enhancing avian diversity. Effective scientific management and conservation measures will further enhance ecological protection, supporting biodiversity and sustainable development. The establishment of the national park will safeguard critical habitats, promote ecotourism, and harmonize ecological preservation with economic growth.

     

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