新疆罗布泊野骆驼国家级自然保护区盐泉水化学特征及成因

高攀; 薛亚东; 程芸; 特列吾汗∙巴合提; 卢琦; 李永华; 姚斌; 李佳; 崔桂鹏; 崔梦淳; 乔琨

doi:10.12335/2096-8981.2024022901

新疆罗布泊野骆驼国家级自然保护区盐泉水化学特征及成因

Hydrochemical characteristics and controlling factor of salt springs in Xinjiang Lop Nur Wild Camel National Nature Reserve

摘要

摘要:
目的新疆罗布泊野骆驼国家级自然保护区气候极端干旱少雨，基本无地表水系，有限的盐泉是保护区内野生动物赖以生存的重要水源。监测水源地水化学特征及其变化对野生动物保护以及生态环境修复具有重要的实践指导意义
方法在2021—2022年对保护区内盐泉及人工修复水源地进行取样及水化学测试的基础上，运用Piper三线图、Gibbs图等方法分析了盐泉的水化学特征、成因及其动态变化。
结果结果表明：研究区盐泉水呈中性-弱碱性(7.20< pH<9.11)，普遍具有高溶解性总固体（TDS）及高硬度特征；保护区北部水源地以Cl⁻·SO₄²⁻-Na⁺型水为主，主要受控于蒸发结晶作用；南部水源地则主要为SO₄²⁻∙Cl⁻-Na⁺型水和SO₄²⁻∙Cl⁻-Na⁺·Ca⁺型水，且受到蒸发结晶与岩石风化作用的共同影响。根据《地下水质量标准》(GB/T 14848—2017)，保护区内约85%的盐泉水属于V类水，约12%的盐泉水TDS及总硬度等指标介于Ⅲ~Ⅳ类水标准之间，仅有个别盐泉水符合Ⅰ类水标准。五个泉以北1~3号人工修复的水源点为保护区北部水环境质量相对较好的水源点。与历史数据比对表明，骆驼泉TDS有所下降，磁海西、红沟与拉配泉TDS维持相对稳定，另有盐水泉、库姆苏及托浪厄苏3个水源点TDS呈现出上升趋势。
结论保护区内部分泉水水资源补给量少于消耗量，需进一步加强水源地建设与维护，积极开展水环境动态监测，为保护区内水资源保护利用、野生动物水源地修复提供有力的科学依据与参考。

Abstract:
Objectives Due to the extremely dry climate and limited surface water system, the salt spring assumes a pivotal role as a water source for the survival of the wild animals within the Xinjiang Lop Nur Wild Camel National Nature Reserve. The monitoring of hydro-chemical characteristics and changes in water sources has significant practical implications for the protection of wildlife and the restoration of the ecological environment.
Methods Based on the sampling and hydro-chemical measurements of salt springs and artificially restored water sources in the reserve between 2021 and 2022, this paper analyzed the hydro-chemical characteristics, controlling factors, and dynamic changes of spring waters.
Results The results showed that the salt springs within the study area exhibited neutral to weakly alkaline (7.20< pH<9.11), accompanied by elevated Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and high hardness. The predominant hydrochemical type of the spring water in the northern region was Cl⁻·SO₄²⁻-Na⁺ water, which is mainly controlled by evaporation and crystallization. While in the southern part, the hydrochemical types of the salt spring were SO₄²⁻∙Cl⁻-Na⁺ and SO₄²⁻∙Cl⁻-Na⁺·Ca⁺ water, which were affected by both evaporation crystallization and bedrock weathering. In accordance with the "Groundwater Quality Standard" (GB/T 14848−2017), 85% of the salt springs belonged to Class V. The TDS and total hardness of 12% of the salt springs were between Class Ⅲ and Ⅳ with only one salt spring water meeting the standard of Class I. The water quality of Wuquan No.1-3 was relatively superior among the artificially restored water sources in the northern part of the reserve. In comparison with the historical data, the TDS of Luotuo Spring has decreased, while the TDS of Cihaixi, Honggou, and Lapei Spring has remained relatively stable. Conversely, the TDS of Yanshui spring, Kumsu, and Tuolangesu has exhibited an upward trend.
Conclusions Recharge of water resources of some springs in the reserve was less than the consumption, and the restoration and maintenance of the salt springs should be further strengthened. Furthermore, The dynamic monitoring of the water environment was essential to provide a scientific foundation and reference for the protection and utilization of water resources within the reserve, as well as the construction and maintenance of wildlife water sources.

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