蔡文博, 陈雨菲, 彭婉婷, 等. 中国世界自然遗产地社区正负生态效应与调控对策[J]. 自然保护地,2024,4(0):1−15. DOI: 10.12335/2096-8981.2024020601
引用本文: 蔡文博, 陈雨菲, 彭婉婷, 等. 中国世界自然遗产地社区正负生态效应与调控对策[J]. 自然保护地,2024,4(0):1−15. DOI: 10.12335/2096-8981.2024020601
CAI W B, CHEN Y F, PENG W T, et al. Positive and negative ecological effects of communities in China’s world natural heritage sites and their regulatory countermeasures[J]. Natural Protected Areas, 2024, 4(0): 1−15. DOI: 10.12335/2096-8981.2024020601
Citation: CAI W B, CHEN Y F, PENG W T, et al. Positive and negative ecological effects of communities in China’s world natural heritage sites and their regulatory countermeasures[J]. Natural Protected Areas, 2024, 4(0): 1−15. DOI: 10.12335/2096-8981.2024020601

中国世界自然遗产地社区正负生态效应与调控对策

Positive and negative ecological effects of communities in China’s world natural heritage sites and their regulatory countermeasures

  • 摘要:
    目的 遗产地社区管理是世界自然遗产地保护的重要议题。辨识社区活动对于世界自然遗产地的正负生态效应,对于保护遗产地的突出普遍价值(outstanding unirersal value,OUV)至关重要。
    方法 通过系统对中国世界自然和混合遗产地社区影响的中文文献和世界遗产的保护状态评估决议报告进行了统计和解析,结合空间分析统计,识别了中国自然遗产地社区特征及其关系,辨识了社区活动类型及其影响。
    结果 社区对自然遗产地发挥着正负双重效应,其中负面影响有4大类30种。旅游接待和社区生活所产生污染所引起的负面影响出现频率最高,分别占中国世界自然遗产地总数的66.7%和66.1%。遗产地社区稳定的社会结构和保护信仰、人与自然良性作用以及独特的人地文化对遗产地价值可持续保护产生着正面效应。
    结论 社区活动对中国世界自然遗产地具有显著的正负双重效应,为此特建议:①完善环境影响评价制度,加强社区活动的精准管控 ;②提升动态监测水平,提高社区自主监测能力 ;③加强社区多方位参与遗产地保护工作,激发社区保护力量;④重视人地文化,维护人与自然耦合系统良性互动关系;⑤开展适应性管理,维持自然遗产地人与自然和谐共生,以降低社区活动对世界自然遗产地负面影响,优化提升正面效应。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives Heritage community management is an important issue in protecting World Natural Heritage Sites. It is of the utmost importance to comprehend the impact of community activities on World Natural Heritage Sites from an ecological standpoint in order to ensure the protection of their outstanding universal value (OUV).
    Methods A systematic statistical and analytical approach was conducted on Chinese literature regarding the impact of communities in China's World Natural and Mixed Heritage Sites, along with the evaluation reports on the conservation status of World Heritage properties. By integrating spatial analysis statistics, the study identified the characteristics of communities in China's natural heritage sites and the relationships between them. It also discriminated the types of community activities and their associated impacts.
    Results The results showed that the presence of community had both positive and negative implications for the natural heritage sites. According to the statistics of negative impacts, there were 4 categories and 30 types of community activities. Tourism reception and pollution caused by community life accounted for 66.7% and 66.1% of all natural and mixed heritage sites in China respectively. The stable social structure and protective beliefs of heritage site communities, the positive interaction between humans and nature, and the unique human-land culture have a positive effect on the sustainable protection of heritage site value.
    Conclusions Community activities exerted a significant dual impact on China's World Natural Heritage Sites, exhibiting both positive and negative effects. The study’s recommendations are as follows: (1) Enhance the environmental impact assessment system and reinforce precise control over community activities; (2) Augment dynamic monitoring capabilities and improve community self-monitoring abilities; (3) Strengthen multi-faceted community participation and stimulate community protection efforts; (4) Prioritize human-land culture and maintain a positive interactive relationship between humans and nature; and (5) Implement adaptive management to sustain harmonious symbiosis between humans and nature in natural heritage sites. These measures aim to mitigate the negative impacts of community activities on World Natural Heritage Sites while optimize their positive effects.

     

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