Abstract: 【Objectives】 This study aimed to elucidate the crucial role of central-local relations in the construction of property rights systems for natural resources in national parks and explore strategies for its refinement to rectify the existing inadequacies and promote sustainable development of national parks. 【Methods】 To achieve this objective, the paper first delved into the intertwined relationship between central-local relations and the property rights system of natural resources in national parks based on property rights theory in economics, laying a theoretical foundation for subsequent research. Second, through empirical research, it provided a comprehensive inspection and analysis of the current state of the property rights system of natural resources in national parks, revealing deficiencies such as unclear and unbalanced allocations of authority and financial rights, and overlaps of responsibilities. On this basis, it further discussed the construction of a central-local collaborative governance mechanism to address these problems. 【Results】 The study found that optimizing the property rights system for natural resources in national parks required active participation from both central and local authorities, with clear organizational structures and division of powers. The central and local governments needed to achieve coordination and cooperation in aspects such as power distribution, policy formulation and implementation, resource development and protection, and benefit distribution. 【Conclustions】 Therefore, constructing a new mechanism of governance involving both central and local participation will effectively promote the rational utilization and sustainable protection of natural resources in national parks. This research underscored the importance of central-local relations in the property rights system of natural resources in national parks and provided theoretical backing and institutional recommendations for the construction of national park systems in the new era. However, more in-depth empirical analysis could be required in the future to further refine the contents of this study.