Abstract: Research and practice of ecological protection compensation in nature reserves is an important measure to promote the construction of ecological civilization in China. This paper took Guangdong Haifeng Avian Natural Reserve as an example to analyze the ecological protection compensation in recent years based on the current nature reserve ecological compensation research and practice.. The diversified ecological compensation mechanism and compensation usage pattern framework were constructed. In ecological protection compensation, the "transfusion" compensation mainly consisted of vertical compensation, horizontal compensation, and special compensation, and the "hematopoietic" compensation mainly consisted of franchise operation. With the advantage of financial transfer payment from the central government, it integrated marketization and multi-dimensional tools. It can promote the diversification of ecological protection compensation from vertical compensation to vertical and horizontal compensation and the combination of the government and the market. In terms of the use of ecological protection compensation, theusage pattern mainly included infrastructure construction, ecological protection and restoration, scientific research monitoring, publicity, and education, which could be beneficial to the protection of the main protected objects of Haifeng Nature Reserve. This diversified ecological protection mechanism and the compensation usage pattern will also attract more and more stakeholders to participate in ecological protection compensation, which had a certain reference for the practice of ecological protection compensation in nature reserves in China.