Abstract: The spatial distribution planning and system construction of the natural protected areas is the basis for the assessment and adjustment of ecological protection red line and territorial space planning. In this paper, we described the current situation, conservation efforts, and main problems of the natural protected areas in Guangdong province in the first place, and then put forward the demand of natural conservation from the key protected objects, critical protection districts, and natural conservation gaps. Meanwhile, we divided the framework of the natural protected areas in Guangdong into Nanling mountains, Hanjiang basin, Leizhou peninsula, Pearl River delta, and the coastal zone. In the end, we optimized the spatial distribution planning of the natural protected areas by establishment, revocation, integration, and adjustment, and thus constructed the system of the 1 079 natural protected areas with 302.58×10⁴ hectares in Guangdong. Our research would provide a reference for the development planning of the natural protected areas, and also promote the construction and development of ecological protection red line and territorial space planning in Guangdong province.