Abstract: The field survey and study of orchids are of importance in assessing the status of local biodiversity and orchid species as well as developing strategies for nature conservation and management. To command orchid diversity and habitat characteristics, we conducted a study and analysis of orchid species, numbers, distribution pattern, living status, and community features in Songshan National Nature Reserve, Beijing. There were 22 species, belonging to 15 genera of Orchidaceae in all. The area contains 4 endangered species and 2 vulnerable species were recorded in the Threatened Species List of China’s Higher Plants. For life forms, terrestrial orchids were dominant with 17 species (77.3%), and the remaining 5 orchids (22.7%) were saprophytic. The reserve has the wildest orchid species in Beijing and has high conservation value. Most orchid species were found at 700~1 300 meters above sea level, and then it was at 1 300~1 800 meters and over 1 800 meters above sea level. Orchid habitat was various. The orchids were mainly distributed in a mixed broad-leaved forest, open forest and thicket, and alpine meadow, where there were better habitats and less human disturbance.