Abstract: The distribution law of species diversity along the elevation has been one of the hot topics for ecologists. In this paper, 4 sympatric pheasants (Syrmaticus ellioti, Lophura nycthemera, Pucrasia macrolopha, Bumbusicola thoracicus) has been studied on their altitude distribution and vertical niche in Guanshan National Nature Reserve, Jiangxi Province from July 2015 to November of the same year and December 2017 to May 2018. The results showed that, the vertical distribution of these 4 sympatric pheasants ranged from altitude 200 to 1 400 m, and each has a relatively concentrated distribution along the altitude. The distribution altitude of L. nycthemera, P. macrolopha, S. ellioti, and B. thoracica was 324 to 1 360 m, that of 433 to1 297 m, 346 to 1360 m, and 346 to 1 006 m, respectively. Vertical niche and vertical overlap indeices showed that the vertical niche of 4 pheasants (S. ellioti, L. nycthemera, P. macrolopha, B. thoracica) were 0.46, 0.83, 0.64 and 0.44, respectively. Among them, the vertical overlap index between P. macrolopha and L. nycthemera was the highest (0.74), while P. macrolopha and B. thoracica the lowest (0.32). There were differences in utilization of altitude resources among the four sympatric pheasants. L. nycthemera had the most extensive utilization of resources and showed the most active, while B. thoracica is weakest. There have been heavy differences in the utilization of altitude resources between P. macrolopha and B. thoracica with little competition.