Abstract: The Qinling-Daba Mountains are the main body of China’s north-south transitional zone, and its western part, namely west of the Jialing River, is the West Qinling Mountains. with complex geological and geomorphological structure and warm temperate, subtropical and alpine climates. West Qinling is one of the hotspots of biodiversity and protected areas, containing two of the four areas of the Giant Panda National Park, namely the Minshan and the Baishuijiang areas. It is also the north-south demarcation and one of the distribution centers of China’s endemic genera, and serves as their significant spreading corridor from southwest China to east China, north China, and central China, greatly contributing to the formation of China’s biodiversity pattern. West Qinling is also the major passageways and event venues in the Qin, Han and Tang dynasties, closely related with main national unity actions and cultural transmission. In addition, the West Hanshui river valleys with the Chenghui basin in the center, are characterized by moderate climate, gentle landform and varied caves, which could provide appropriate geographical conditions for human life in remote antiquity. Ancient Kunlun Mountains, the legend of “King Yu Combating Flood,” and the living sites of two great ancestors Yan and Huang may be very likely related with West Qinling Mts. So, nature conservation should not only include design, improvement and effective protection of the protected areas but also protection and management of historical relics and cultural landscapes in West Qinling Mountains.