Study on the Transitional Characteristics of Phenology of Vegetation in the Typical Nature Reserves of the Eastern Qinling-Daba Mountains
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摘要: 本文选取东秦巴山地神农架样区和伏牛山样区2个自然保护地集中分布地域作为研究区,通过比较分析南、北2个不同地域精细尺度的物候格局,探讨东秦巴山地植被物候的南北过渡特征。基于近20年时序遥感影像信息综合提取植被物候空间格局,从物候总体分布特征、物候与高程关系等多方面分析2个研究区物候特征的联系和差异,在物候信息高程校正的基础上,对比分析同高程、不同地域物候的南北变化特征及规律。研究结果表明,在不考虑地形高程影响的情况下,神农架样区植被生长季开始期晚于伏牛山样区 8.49 d;生长季长度则短于伏牛山样区 9.31 d;不同海拔高度对于南、北2个研究区植被物候影响也不一样,海拔每增高100 m,神农架样区生长季开始时间推迟1.97 d,生长季长度缩短2.54 d;伏牛山样区生长季开始时间推迟2.05 d,生长季长度缩短1.56 d。经过高程校正,神农架样区整体植被生长季开始时期比伏牛山样区早 2.52 d,植被生长季长度比伏牛山样区植被生长季长度增长了 3.91 d。比较2个研究区主要的植被类型落叶阔叶林和常绿针叶林之后可发现,神农架样区的落叶阔叶林生长季开始时间比伏牛山样区早 3.25 d;常绿针叶林的生长季开始时间比伏牛山样区早 1.78 d,生长季长度长 11.96 d。在植被物候信息高程校正前后,2个研究区的植被生长季开始期相对早晚、生长季长度相对大小均发生反转。这种物候格局的复杂分布特征,较好地呈现了多列山地阻隔和分异作用所形成的东秦巴山地植被复杂过渡特征。Abstract: This paper selects two sample regions named Shennongjia and Funiushan which spread nature reserves intensively in the eastern Qinling-Daba Mountains as the study area, discusses the north and south transitional characteristics of the vegetation penology in the eastern Qinling-Daba Mountains through the comparative analysis of the phenological pattern on a fine scale from two different north and south regions. Based on the information from the time series remote sensing images during the recent twenty years, this paper extracts comprehensively the spatial pattern of vegetation phenology to analyze the relation and differences between the two study areas from the general distribution characteristics of phenology, the relationship between phenology and elevation and other aspects, then based on the elevation correction of phenological information, this paper compare and analyze the characteristics and laws from the different regions but the same elevation of phenological change from north to south. The results show that: without considering the influence of terrain elevation, the beginning of vegetation growth season in Shennongjia was 8.49days later than Funiu Mountains area; the length of growth was 9.31 days shorter than Funiu Mountains area; different elevation has a different influence on the phenology of the north and south study areas: every 100m elevation rose in the study areas, the beginning of the growth delayed 1.72 days, and the length of the growth decreased 2.54 days in Shennongjia area; the beginning of the growth delayed 2.05 days and the length of the growth decreased 1.56 days in the Funiu Mountains area. However, after elevation correction, the general vegetation at the beginning of the growth was 2.52 days earlier than the Funiu Mountains area; the growth length increased by 3.91 days in Funiu Mountains area. After Comparing the main vegetation type named the deciduous broad-leaved forest and the evergreen needleleaf forest in the two study areas, this paper found that: the beginning of the growth of the deciduous broad-leaved forest in the Shennongjia area was 3.25 days earlier than Funiu Mountains; the beginning of the evergreen needleleaf forest in the Shennongjia area was 1.78 days earlier than Funiu Mountains area, and the length of the growth was 11.96 days longer than the Funiu Mountains area. Before and after elevation correction of vegetation phenological information, the relative time of the beginning of the vegetation growing season in the two study areas, and the relative size of the length of the growing season are reversed. This complex distribution characteristics of phenological pattern fairly indicate the complex transitional characteristics of vegetation in the eastern Qinling-Daba Mountains formed by the barrier and differentiation of multiple mountain ranges.
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表 1 研究区物候特征统计表
Table 1. Statistical table of phenological characteristics in the study area
物候参数值(d) 研究区 最小值 最大值 均值 中位数 标准差 生长季开始期 神农架样区 50.00 150.00 103.76 104.20 12.81 伏牛山样区 50.10 149.89 95.27 94.20 8.44 生长季长度 神农架样区 80.00 220.00 144.05 144.00 19.63 伏牛山样区 80.00 220.05 153.36 153.60 13.87 表 2 2个研究区植被类型与物候高程特征对比
Table 2. Comparison of vegetation types and phenological elevation characteristics
研究区 植被类型 高程范围(m) 平均海拔(m) 纬度范围(º) 面积(km2) SOS均值(d) LOS均值(d) 神农架样区 落叶阔叶林 185~3 091 1 370 31.1—31.9 1 160.49 101.04 145.32 常绿针叶林 153~3 099 1 480 31.1—31.9 3 524.17 103.13 142.66 伏牛山样区 落叶阔叶林 211~2 174 950 33.3—34.0 3 897.71 96.01 156.55 常绿针叶林 305~2 162 1 210 33.3—34.0 195.19 99.84 139.58 表 3 相同海拔高度2个研究区植被物候特征对比
Table 3. Comparison of phenological characteristics of vegetation at the same altitude
研究区 植被类型 SOS均值(d) LOS均值(d) 神农架样区 整体植被 94.44 155.98 落叶阔叶林 93.71 154.78 常绿针叶林 93.62 154.92 伏牛山样区 整体植被 96.96 152.07 落叶阔叶林 96.96 155.83 常绿针叶林 95.40 142.96 -
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