Abstract: The National Park’s reserve policy is presenting significant challenges to community livelihoods. Based on the SLA framework proposed by DFID, this paper introduced community livelihood capital to construct a sustainable livelihood analysis framework for community residents living in national parks. Using Bawangling area of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park as a case study. A survey was conducted on the livelihood capital, livelihood strategies and factors influencing livelihood strategies among community residents. The results showed that the overall level of livelihood capital among Bawangling residents was relatively low. Livelihood strategies are divided into six types, namely, agriculture and forestry-oriented, labor-oriented, half-working and half-farming, public employment, business-oriented and part-time-oriented. The factors affecting the choice of livelihood strategies were natural, human and social capital.