Abstract: Bamboo is a precious treasure given to mankind by nature. As a green, low-carbon, fast-growing, and degradable biobased material, bamboo plays an important role in addressing global challenges such as climate change, forest degradation, and resource depletion. Given the worsening plastic pollution and climate warming, this paper analyzed the natural advantages and unique value of bamboo from the perspectives of resource, environment, energy, and human settlement, and presents theories and practices of bamboo resources, bamboo industries, and bamboo products contributing to carbon neutrality, based on the achievements of the International Bamboo and Rattan Organization (INBAR) in promoting bamboo resources and developing bamboo industries. Additionally, this paper also described the huge potential and positive significance of bamboo as nature-based solutions for achieving carbon neutrality. Carbon neutrality is an important step toward building a community with a shared future for mankind and is also an inherent requirement of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. INBAR’s exploration and practice over the years have proved that ecological civilization and green transformation are inseparable from the joint actions of people around the world. Countries and international organizations should work together to promote bamboo as an alternative to plastic, wood, and steel in all aspects, from resource cultivation to product processing, from technological innovation to policy support, and from marketing to public engagement, all for developing circular economy, protecting ecological environment, and finally building a beautiful world with blue sky, green land, and clear water.